Environmental Science II |
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| I. Measurements of Human Impact on Ecosystems | |||
| A. Local to global scales B. Direct vs. indirect impacts C. Methods of imaging (aerial photography, satellite imagery, GIS) D. Ecological footprint analysis |
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| II. Natural Resource Management Approaches | |||
| A. Sustained yield/multiple use B. Ecosystem management |
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| 1. Elements and goals 2. Examples of implementation |
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| III. Agricultural Ecosystems | |||
| A. World food supply B. Agricultural vs. natural ecosystems C. History of agriculture D. Impacts of agricultural systems on the environment |
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| 1. Impacts on soils 2. Impacts on water resources 3. Impacts on native plants and animals 4. Impacts on global systems |
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| E. Physical and biological characteristics
of soils F. Sustainable agriculture |
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| 1. Elements and goals 2. Integrated pest management 3. Precision agriculture 4. Role of genetically engineered crops 5. Incorporation of agroecosystems into landscapes 6. Societal aspects (government policies, economics,etc.) |
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| IV. Wildlife Resources | |||
| A. Definitions of wildlife B. Loss of biodiversity |
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| 1. Measures and evidence for extinction 2. Causes and consequences of extinction 3. Endangered Species Act |
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| C. Wildlife management | |||
| 1. Goals 2. GAP analysis,wildlife refuges and other efforts 3. Cores,buffers and corridors 4. Species management vs. ecosystem management 5. Maximum sustainable yield vs. optimum sustainable yield |
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| V. Fisheries Resources | |||
| A. Types and importance of fisheries resources B. Status of global fisheries resources C. Fisheries management |
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| 1. Case studies - anchovy, salmon, atlantic cod 2. Ecological restoration efforts 3. Hatchery programs and aquaculture 4. Optimum vs. maximum sustainable yield 5. Application of ecosystem management 6. Population biology and genetics 7. Fisheries legislation |
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| VI. Forest Resources | |||
| A. Types and importance of forest resources | |||
| 1. Human goods and services 2. Ecosystem services |
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| B. Deforestation C. Forest management |
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| 1. Multiple use and sustained yield 2. Definitions of sustainability 3. Old growth forest characteristics and management 4. New approaches - New Forestry, FEMAT, etc. |
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| VII. Water Resources- Supply, Use and Management | |||
| A. Types and status of resources B. Water use and conservation C. Watershed management D. Stream and river ecosystems |
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| 1. Role of riparian zones 2. Role of organic input 3. Stream food webs 4. Flood ecology |
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| E. Wetlands | |||
| 1. Ecological roles 2. Wetland mitigation 3. Everglades Restoration Project - a case study |
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| VIII. Global Warming | |||
| A. Atmosphere and climate B. Causes of the "greenhouse effect" C. Evidence of global warming D. Biological effects of global warming |
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| 1. Impacts on forests 2. Impacts on agriculture 3. Impacts on fisheries and wildlife |
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| E. Solutions and current efforts | |||
Updated January 2008.
Copyright 2007 Northwest Center for Sustainable Resources,Salem,Oregon.